FWD deflection bowls and structural benchmarking
Read the shape with its investigation context
What this reference covers
Horak describes relative structural benchmarking using deflection-bowl parameters together with visual survey information.
Interpretation and limits
A bowl illustration is not a unique layer diagnosis. Thresholds require the method, pavement family and test context; do not apply one generic limit to every parameter.
Follow the evidence
Record the exact source edition and the applicable project requirements. Educational summaries do not establish product or project compliance.
Reference
Horak, E. (2008) Benchmarking the structural condition of flexible pavements with deflection bowl parameters. Journal of SAICE, 50(2), pp. 2–9. Original source (Accessed: 5 September 2026).
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